Demonstrating a drug’s effectiveness in clinical trials is required for regulatory approval and marketing of the drug. To run a successful clinical trial, researchers need to identify desirable, measurable and achievable patient outcomes. Such outcomes might include how a patient feels based on a predefined scaling system, how a patient functions in a medical evaluation, or the level of a disease-associated biological or molecular marker (a biomarker). Predetermination of relevant clinical outcome measures allow medical professionals to objectively assess whether a drug provides value to patients. While every drug tested in a particular disease will require additional considerations to determine dose, duration of treatment and many other factors, the establishment of appropriate clinical outcome measures is a valuable step in preparing for testing any potential therapeutic.